This is an Exam Question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

This is an Exam Question - Assignment Example Doing such targeting is important to a firm as often they realize that they can roll out innovations without necessarily having to add value to their service. Key among most target markets would be price as they realized with the introduction of new brand, Xiameter. However, for companies to benefit from need based segmentation its important for them to be well prepared for new product line and organize it product development accordingly (Lilien and Grewal, 2012). Success in new product roll out to a given segmentation must have the right marketing mix. It is important that the new product be of the right quality, have the ability to meet a current need and be supported by a price that resonates to the target market. Doing so enhances market acceptance and adoption as well as shorten the break even period. As these products succeed in the market, a company’s market share continues to grow. It is important that a company keeps in touch with changing customer needs and preferences and respond to the appropriately. This therefore calls for an in-depth knowledge of one’s customers. To understand customers a company has to pay special attention to customer feedback as well as develop a strong customer relationship management model. A company has to invest in its employees by equipping them with the right customer skills so that they can deliver exceptional service to clients and discern any setbacks in the products. This creates a me dium through which ideas are exchanges and corrections made. These interactions helps to develop a value based business model where different market segments are satisfied. Having the right marketing mix also calls for proper distribution chain so that customers can have products and services at their convenience. In addition a company must invest in market research so that it can identify the various target clients and develop products that meet their needs and tastes. In target marketing, companies need to understand that

Response Paper 1 Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Response 1 - Research Paper Example At this point, it is sound to assert that Socrates’ philosophies deviated from the ideals of the society, thus, they were, and remain to be wrong. The following discussion seeks to establish Burnyeat’s arguments that Socrates, the ancient philosopher remains to be as guilty as charged. Precisely, one is not supposed to make judgments according to his views; Burnyeat claims that one assumes the Athenian Juror’s position and thinks of the most rational thing one would think of given the Socrates’ knowledge (Warnek 53). Therefore, the prescriptions of Burnyeat seem to have some degree of imaginations. Socrates himself presented some charges at 24C of the Apology, which includes (i) failing to believe in the state’s God, (ii) coming up with new divinities, and (iii) corrupting the youth. By raising the question of whether Burnyeat is right by claiming that Socrates is guilty as charged, his first point is that, with his interpretive strategy, Socrates never claims he believes in the states’ gods, why one should think that he is innocent (76). Given that Socrates fails to defend himself against this judgment, what would be a normal Athenian claim basing his arguments on his understanding of Socrates? Burnyeat poses a claim that Socrates is guilty, and thus one should perceive him as a threat to the culture of Athenian and its religion. The gods that Socrates speaks of are different from the Athenian gods and an ideal Athenian would think that Socrates is guilty in the first place. The Socratic religion’s gods demand continuous questioning and virtues of the people unlike the Athens’ gods, which give clear teachings on virtue claiming that one needs gods to achieve this. For example, the Greek religion’s gods are the ones that one barters with to get what he or she wants in tough situations. On the other hand,

Experiment Report Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Experiment - Lab Report Example he most important factor affecting the availability of these nutrients is soil pH, a measure of the amount of hydronium ion (H+) that is present in solution. Pure water has a neutral pH of 7, lower values mean that the solution is acidic and soils with pH higher than 7 are alkaline. Different crops vary in their response to acid and alkaline soil conditions (Mathers, 2001). However, for most field crops, slightly acidic (pH = 5.6) to neutral soils are optimal for growth. Soil pH affects plant growth and productivity indirectly because, depending on the nutrient, availability is affected which can result in nutrient deficiency or nutrient toxicity. In higher pH or alkaline soils, result in deficiencies in the essential micronutrients iron, zinc, and manganese. Soil pH of less than 5.5 is already considered strongly acidic and will not support growth of economically important crops. Thus, the right soil pH is a requirement for maximum yield production. The development of acid soils has been due to high weathering brought about by warm temperatures and rainfall, and manmade events like the continuous use of nitrogen fertilizers and acid rain effects. At pH below 6 or under acidic soils, increased availability of micronutrients like iron, manganese, zinc , copper and aluminium result in toxicity symptoms (CSIRO Plant Industry, 2004); while decreased availability of phosphorus results in deficiency of this element . This is very true in humid countries where soil acidity is often associated with low crop productivity (Schroth, Lehman, & Barrios, 2003). The class was divided into eight groups. Each group was asked to bring soil samples from the area near their residence. In the laboratory, the pH and temperature of pure water was determined. After adding water to the soil and mixing the slurry, the pH and temperature of each sample were measured. Mean values of the soil pH of each group were determined, and the hydronium ion concentration was calculated using the

Operating system Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Operating system - Assignment Example The program responsible for this task is known as traffic controller. Modern operating systems use a graphical user interface, or GUI. A GUI allows one to use the mouse to click icons, buttons, and menus, and everything will be displayed on the screen in combination of graphics and text. Traditionally, computers had a command-line interface, which meant users had to type every single command to the computer and the computer would only display text. (Anonymous, 2010) I. Mac OS X.It was created by Apple and it comes preloaded on all new Macintosh computers, or Macs. All of the recent versions are known as OS X  and the specific versions include  Yosemite 2014, Mavericks 2013, Mountain Lion 2012, Lion  2011 and Snow  Leopard 2009. Apple also offers a version called Mac OS X Server, which is designed to be run on servers. (Anonymous, 2010) II. Microsoft Windows. Microsoft created the Windows operating system in the mid-1980s.The different versions of Windows are  Windows 8 (2012), Windows 7  (2009), and Windows Vista  (2007). Windows comes preloaded  on most new PCs, which helps to make it the most popular operating system in the world. (Anonymous, 2010) III. Linux. This OS can be modified and distributed by anyone around the world. This is different from proprietary software  like Windows, which can only be modified by the company that owns it (Microsoft). The most popular versions include Ubuntu, Mint, and Fedora. (Anonymous, 2010) Normally, the operating systems of mobile phones are designed specifically for mobile devices. Operating systems for these mobile devices are usually not fully featured like those of desktop and laptop computers. However, one can still do a lot of things with them, like watching movies, browsing the Web, managing your calendar and playing games. Examples of these mobile operating systems include Apple iOS, Windows Phone, and Google Android. (Anonymous,

Failures in Corporate Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Failures in Corporate Governance - Essay Example Theoretically, there is misguided notion that corporate governance is a simple and straightforward process. Personally, I think this notion proves futile. I am of the opinion that corporate governance is highly contextual, and tends to be dynamically unpredictable rather than being simply neat (Farber, 2013, p. 539). Inputs of corporate governance machines do not necessarily guarantee desirable outputs. As aforementioned, corporate governance is highly contextual, meaning that processes and practices used in the governance of distinct corporation change from one environmental context to another. Admittedly, the need to address interests of all stakeholders features as the leading objective of corporate governance. Theoretically, guardians of governance within any given corporation should ensure the sustainable effectiveness of these managerial concepts; responsiveness, accountability, legal responsibility, strategic vision, and equitable participation of all shareholders (Farber, 201 3, p. 544). In practical contexts, some of these governance concepts may conflict or overlap. Consequently, conflict and overlap of operation principles result in failures within corporate governance. In the recent past, failures in corporate governance have brought down several high-profile corporations across the world. Enron Inc. is an example of collapsed giant corporations, with its collapse attributed primarily to failures in corporate governance. Other high-profile corporations suffering from failed corporate governance include Wal-Mart and Cadbury.

Islamic Change Over Time Essay Essay Example for Free

Islamic Change Over Time Essay Essay By the early eighteenth century, the Ottoman Empire was in decline. The weak rulers of the empire left the way open for power struggles among officials, religious experts, and Janissary commanders. Provincial administrators and landholders conspired to drain revenue from the central treasury. The general economy suffered from competition with the West as imported goods ruined local industry. European rivals took advantage of Ottoman weakness. The Austrians pushed the Ottomans from Hungary and the northern Balkans. Russia expanded into the Caucasus and Crimea. The subject Christian peoples of the Balkans challenged their rulers: the Greeks won independence 1830, and Serbia won independence in 1867. European military assaults and diseases destroyed existing civilizations. African and Asian civilizations were able to withstand the early European arrival, but the latter’s continuing development by the end of the eighteenth century made them dominant. The subordinate civilizations reacted differently. Some retreated into an idealized past; others absorbed ideas from their rulers. The various efforts at resistance did not all succeed. Some civilizations survived; others collapsed. The leaders and thinkers of the Islamic world were divided about how to reverse decline and drive back Europeans. They argued over a spectrum ranging from a return to the past to the adoption of Western ways. By the nineteenth century, the Arabs under the weakened Ottoman Empire were exposed to the danger of European conquest. The loss of Islamic territory to the Europeans engendered a sense of crisis in the Middle East. The Muslims had faced the threat of the West since the Middle Ages. Muslims shared many aspects of culture with Judeo-Christian and Greek tradition; their civilization had contributed to the rise of the West. The Muslims had many centers to defend; the fall of the Ottoman Empire did not mean the end of Islamic independence. They had time to learn during the long Western advance. Muslims could cling to the truths of Islam and survive as a people,

Computer Based Information Systems Information Technology Essay

Computer Based Information Systems Information Technology Essay Introduction Information systems are applied within an organisation or a business in order to improve effectiveness or efficiency within that organisation. One of the key reasons in which adding information systems to the business improves effectiveness and efficiency is because it enables employees to perform tasks, in which without the assistance of Information systems, results may be in accurate or it could take longer to complete tasks, for example, performing calculations is made easier by simply adding the correct formula, or analysing vast amount of data, all these tasks mentioned are performed more constructively with the aid of information systems. Each organisation can adapt a computer based information system to meet its needs and requirements, therefore they are not limited in which they are designed to have maximum benefit to the organisation. Computer information systems use a uniquely designed system in order to allow the organisation to organise their files and categorize data. Management theories relating to computer based information systems Borje Langefors Borje Langefors has had a big impact on information systems, he was the individual he created special emphasis on administrative data processing. Borje was able to indentify how computer based information systems can implement and meet the needs of organisations and their staff. Goodhue Thompson: Task Technology fit The task technology fit theory is used to explain the way that computer based information systems help to accomplish the demands of the task provided by the organization. The TTF, basis its theory on the fact that technology or computer based information systems will increase the performance of the business due to the fact that it helps and supports people within that organisation to complete the requirements for a task which has been set by a manager. Fred Davis: Technology Acceptance Model The technology acceptance model is a theory that shows how organizations can accept technology within their business, by accepting and using the technology this enables them to increase effectiveness and efficiency within their organisation. This theory basis its idea on the fact that when a person is presented with technology there are a number of different aspects that affect how and when they will use the computer based information systems. Fredrick Davis, split the theory into two different definitions, Perceived Usefulness and perceived ease of use. Perceived usefulness. This was defined by Fred Davis as the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her job performance. Perceived ease of use, Davis defined this as the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free from effort (Davis, 1989). (Expert systems in business and finance Paul R. Watkins and Lance B Eliot) F Taylor Taylor was the founder of scientific management; this adopted a different approach in which a task is completed within a business. Taylors theory adopts a scientific approach when managing a company. His quest to resolve the cause of low efficiency and increase effectiveness in an industry resulted in a conclusion that the ineffectiveness was primarily caused by the poor order and system of the management techniques. Therefore this theory relates to computer information based systems, because managers now use computers and other information systems in order to ensure that staff are receiving the support they need in order to reach maximum efficiency. However one of the disadvantages of computer based systems for managers, is that they need to send their staff on training days to ensure successful use of the systems, and leave no room for errors to occur, this therefore can be expensive for a company to do, and also time consuming in terms of whilst the employee is on training they ar e unable to complete attend work full time during that duration and a cover needs to be arranged. Computer based information systems Computer based information systems are used by managers within an organisation in order to increase productivity at that company and also maximise efficiency. CBI can be advantageous in many ways, for example a computer is able to collect and analyse more data than an average human, in which you as a manger are already saving time. Another way that it is advantageous, is that for example managers in supermarkets use computer based information systems such as barcode scanners, this is used for security and to monitor stock, therefore this is a effective way of knowing how much stock there is and how much has been sold. Expert system An expert system is a system that is used in order to perform a task that would have been completed by a human. Expert systems base their results on data that has been entered by the user, and provides a solution for that specific problem. The expert system acts like an interpreter between the user and the information systems, therefore you are able to manage the input and output of the data entered into the system. Advantages An advantage to using expert system is that it eliminates room for error, therefore the computer will not make the mistake that a human may make whilst analysing data, or calculating specific data, therefore this ensures the manager that results are accurate. Disadvantage However a particular disadvantage to this is that if the person using the system has entered the wrong data, or has made a mistake whilst using the system, then this can cause the whole data/result to be inaccurate. Data warehouse Data warehousing is a system that combines data from a range of different sources and generates a database that is easier to analyse and read. This is beneficial to managers when they want to establish certain trends occurring, as they are able to collect vast data and create an end result of one database with all the information necessary. It provides a over view of all the data that is collected. Advantages An advantage to managers from this type of system is that, there are no limitations in terms of, information can be gathered from a number of different sources available and it will convert them all into one database. This is therefore beneficial when a manager is trying to establish a certain trend, it helps them create strategic plans based on results gathered from data warehousing throughout a period of time. Disadvantages One of the main disadvantages for data warehousing is the cost, it is expensive for many companies to afford them. Other disadvantages include the complexity of the systems, therefore for example adding new data or waiting for the result of data can take time. Customer Related management Customer related management is a strategy that is used to help a organisation to manage the relationship with their customers in order to improve customer satisfaction and increase profits. This system is beneficial to the managers because it allows the whole organisation to have some contact with the customers whether it is direct or indirect. For example the manager/centre of a call centre uses CRM for their staff, because it gathers data about potential customers/callers and automatically the system generates different numbers gathered, the employees then gather the data from the number dialled, and the data is then sent to other departments to be analysed and stores. This is one example in which CRM can operate. Advantages Managers are able to benefit from this system because it ensures that profit margins are increased due to the fact that there is more interaction with the customers, therefore the organisation is able to understand the needs of the customer and meet their demands. This also leads to customer loyalty to the organisation for the service provided; this is due to the fact that the company is aware what the customer requires because of the interaction through CRM. Disadvantages CRM can be complex to install within the organisation, therefore small businesses do not install the CRM systems within their company. Another disadvantage is that many employees are not initially aware of benefits of the using the system, therefore a manager may face with conflict from staff which they have to resolve, this could ideally done through offering interactive training in order to identify the benefits of CRM, as well as time consuming this could potentially be expensive for the organisation. Enterprise Resource planning Enterprise resource planning is a system that is used in order to combine all of the organisations departments and functions into one overall system that acquires the needs of each department. It inter connects all the departments to work together in order to make decision making easier, for example human resources department provides all the information on employees payroll, pay slips ect, whilst the finance department provides the data of costs, profits, budgets, ect therefore each department communicates in order to create on successful system. This benefits the manager because it makes it easier for them to manage the business, it all saves them time because for example the system processes the order the same time for example that payment therefore the finance department immediately communicates with the warehousing department where the product is collected or delivered. Advantages One of the main advantages of the system and the aspect that the manager benefits from the most is due to the fact that each separate department cannot access another department in order to change any aspects of a transaction, therefore once a certain task is completed by a department they are unable to undo that function, in which a manager will have to oversee the potential problem and therefore resolve the situation as they please, this is beneficial because it gives the manager control within the organisation. Disadvantages One of the main disadvantages of enterprise resource planning is that, staff need adequate training in order to be able to use and handle the data effectively, many companys do not operate a successful policy protecting the data and how it is used, therefore this can lose customer trust and loyalty. Another main disadvantage is that the system needs to be maintained by professional personnel in which this costs more money as more staff need to be hired, this therefore increases the costs associated with using the system. Conclusion There are a wide variety of computer based information systems that are available to managers to use. Different systems are used for different purposes depending on the type of organisation and the purpose of the organisation, for example a manager at a non profit organization or a government agency will use different computer based information systems to gather and analyse their data for their specific purpose, compared to a manager at business that is profiting such as Tesco. Tesco uses information systems in order to gain data from their customer to analyse what products are more popular amongst customers. Whereas a non profit organization or a government agency will need to collect data from random members of the public in order to collate and analyse a vast variety of information therefore it is more generic. The main benefit of using computer based information systems, for the manager is that it allows them to analyse a whole range of data in which through this they can analyse positive factors and negative factors about the business, this therefore allows them to identify possible problems in which they are able to improve, this ultimately results in improved efficiency and effectiveness within the business. In which the manager can effectively increase the net profit of the organisation due to organised data provided through computer based information systems. However one of the main problems that I noticed that managers face through most of the systems, is the cost associated with applying the system effectively, therefore before a certain system is applied it is vital for a manager to outline the positive and negative factors of using the system, and to carefully decide if the organisation profits from using such a system or if the company can do without it. 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