How to Save PHP Files in Mac TextEdit

TextEdit is a simple text editor that comes standard on every Apple Macintosh computer. By following a few simple steps, you can use the TextEdit program to create and save PHP files. PHP is a server-side programming language that is used in conjunction with HTML to enhance the features of a website. Open TextEdit ​If the icon for TextEdit is  located on the dock, as it is when the computer ships, just click the icon to launch TextEdit. Otherwise, Open a Finder window by clicking on the Finder icon in the dock.Choose Applications from the menu on the left.In the list of applications on the right side of the screen, find and double-click TextEdit. Change the TextEdit Preferences From the Format menu at the top of the screen, choose Make Plain Text. If you dont see this option, but see Make Rich Text, the document is already set for plain text.Select Preferences from the TextEdit menu at the top of the screen.Click the New Document tab and confirm the radio button next to Plain text is selected.Click the Open and Save tab and confirm the box next to Display HTML files as HTML code instead of formatted text is checked. Enter the Code Type the  PHP code into TextEdit. Save theFile Choose Save  from the File menu.Enter your_file_name.php into the Save As field, being sure to include the .php extension.Click the Save button. If a pop-up  asks you if you want to use .txt or .php as the file extension. Click the Use .php button. Testing You cannot test your PHP code in TextEdit. You can test it in PHP if you have it on your Mac, or you can download an emulator app from the Mac App Store—PHP Code Tester, PHP Runner and qPHP can all be used to test the accuracy of your code. Just copy it from the TextEdit File and paste it into the application screen.

Analysis Of Paulo Freire s The Pedogogy Of The Oppressed

In this reading from the book â€Å"THE PEDOGOGY OF THE OPPRESSED†, the author Paulo Freire tackles three various types of educational styles and their direct influence on the student and the society. The liberation teaching style, the narrative technique, and the banking style of teaching. As the title suggests, there are two educational styles directed to the oppressed and the oppressor. These are; the banking and the narrative educational style. Paulo Freire in a very persuasive way argues, the only way to transform people s lives as a teacher is the use of the liberation approach where students are giving the freedom to express themselves and communicate with the teacher to help the students understand the methods used in teaching. This helps students interact, ask questions and solve problems with both their peers and the teacher. According to Pianta, â€Å"Positive student- teacher relationships are characterized by open communication, as well as emotional and academic support that exist between students and teachers†. The other approach is the narrative and the banking techniques of teaching. These approaches make students not think critically and the author points out how useless it is for students. Paulo Freire talks further and explains the narrative approach to teaching. In the narrative style, it is seen by the reader that the student is a container to be filled with information and to regurgitate back to the teacher at the student’s request without knowing the

Planet Warming Essay Example For Students

Planet Warming Essay AN INTRODUCTIONAccording to the National Academy of Sciences, the Earths surface temperature has risen by about 1 degree Fahrenheit in the past century, with accelerated warming during the past two decades. There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities. Human activities have altered the chemical composition of the atmosphere through the buildup of greenhouse gases primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. The heat-trapping property of these gases is undisputed although uncertainties exist about exactly how earths climate responds to them. Go to the Emissions section for much more on greenhouse gases. Our Changing AtmosphereEnergy from the sun drives the earths weather and climate, and heats the earths surface; in turn, the earth radiates energy back into space. Atmospheric greenhouse gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases) trap some of the outgoing energy, retaining heat somewhat like the glass panels of a greenhouse. Without this natural greenhouse effect, temperatures would be much lower than they are now, and life as known today would not be possible. Instead, thanks to greenhouse gases, the earths average temperature is a more hospitable 60F. However, problems may arise when the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases increases. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have increased nearly 30%, methane concentrations have more than doubled, and nitrous oxide concentrations have risen by about 15%. These increases have enhanced the heat-trapping capability of the earths atmosphere. Sulfate aerosols, a common air pollutant, cool the atmosphere by reflecting light back into space; however, sulfates are short-lived in the atmosphere and vary regionally. Why are greenhouse gas concentrations increasing? Scientists generally believe that the combustion of fossil fuels and other human activities are the primary reason for the increased concentration of carbon dioxide. Plant respiration and the decomposition of organic matter release more than 10 times the CO2 released by human activities; but these releases have generally been in balance during the centuries leading up to the industrial revolution with carbon dioxide absorbed by terrestrial vegetation and the oceans. What has changed in the last few hundred years is the additional release of carbon dioxide by human activities. Fossil fuels burned to run cars and trucks, heat homes and businesses, and power factories are responsible for about 98% of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions, 24% of methane emissions, and 18% of nitrous oxide emissions. Increased agriculture, deforestation, landfills, industrial production, and mining also contribute a significant share of emissions. In 1997, the United States emitted about one-fifth of total global greenhouse gases. Estimating future emissions is difficult, because it depends on demographic, economic, technological, policy, and institutional developments. Several emissions scenarios have been developed based on differing projections of these underlying factors. For example, by 2100, in the absence of emissions control policies, carbon dioxide concentrations are projected to be 30-150% higher than todays levels. Changing ClimateGlobal mean surface temperatures have increased 0.5-1.0F since the late 19th century. The 20th centurys 10 warmest years all occurred in the last 15 years of the century. Of these, 1998 was the warmest year on record. The snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere and floating ice in the Arctic Ocean have decreased. Globally, sea level has risen 4-8 inches over the past century. Worldwide precipitation over land has increased by about one percent. The frequency of extreme rainfall events has increased throughout much of the United States. Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases are likely to accelerate the rate of climate change. Scientists expect that the average global surface temperature could rise 1-4.5F (0.6-2.5C) in the next fifty years, and 2.2-10F (1.4-5.8C) in the next century, with significant regional variation. Evaporation will increase as the climate warms, which will increase average global precipitation. Soil moisture is likely to decline in many regions, and intense rainstorms are likely to become more frequent. Sea level is likely to rise two feet along most of the U.S. coast. .ue248f690f43c692fe287ef5acf6350ff , .ue248f690f43c692fe287ef5acf6350ff .postImageUrl , .ue248f690f43c692fe287ef5acf6350ff .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue248f690f43c692fe287ef5acf6350ff , .ue248f690f43c692fe287ef5acf6350ff:hover , .ue248f690f43c692fe287ef5acf6350ff:visited , .ue248f690f43c692fe287ef5acf6350ff:active { border:0!important; } .ue248f690f43c692fe287ef5acf6350ff .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue248f690f43c692fe287ef5acf6350ff { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue248f690f43c692fe287ef5acf6350ff:active , .ue248f690f43c692fe287ef5acf6350ff:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue248f690f43c692fe287ef5acf6350ff .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue248f690f43c692fe287ef5acf6350ff .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue248f690f43c692fe287ef5acf6350ff .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue248f690f43c692fe287ef5acf6350ff .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue248f690f43c692fe287ef5acf6350ff:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue248f690f43c692fe287ef5acf6350ff .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue248f690f43c692fe287ef5acf6350ff .ue248f690f43c692fe287ef5acf6350ff-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue248f690f43c692fe287ef5acf6350ff:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Interviewing My Roommate EssayCalculations of climate change for specific areas are much less reliable than global ones, and it is unclear whether regional climate will become more variable. TrendsData on a wide variety of environmental indicators are consistent with the

Death by Illusion Essay Example For Students

Death by Illusion Essay Before writing The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald must have done thoughtful and extensive research. This is apparent because, to explore the novels main theme, The American Dream, he chose to place it in the 1920s. This was, indeed, a perfect time slot because the 20s were notorious for the numerous ways in which they influenced the public. These years served as a defining point for many aspects of everyday life such as wealth, social status, and general success. The American population during this time became obsessed with the term success and exactly what it meant to be successful. That was the common goal for just about everyone who lived during this time. Life was all about the American Dream. Everyone wanted it all, and often times would go to great lengths to have it. Jay Gatsby, one of the main character in Fitzgeralds novel, was not unlike the rest of the people who lived during this time. Tragically, his own, personal obsession with wanting to have everything eventually became his downfall. This was Fitzgeralds intention in writing this novel: to warn his readers that the American dream can turn tragic if reality becomes too obscured by the overwhelming lust for money and material possessions. Jay Gatsby was born James Gatz; a man who was very ashamed of his heritage. He was a poor man whose family did not posses a name in society. His parents were shiftless and unsuccessful farm people (pg. 104). Gatsbys pathetic family situation was somewhat tolerable for him, for a little while. It was not until he met a girl named Daisy that he realized he was less than content with what little he possessed. Gatsby was very much in love with Daisy. He wanted to marry her and keep her forever. To Gatsby dismay, that was not to be. Their brief romance only lasted only four short months, which was not long enough for him by far. Daisy decided that she had to leave Gatsby behind and go on with her life. In many ways, this was the worst thing that she could have done to Gatsby. After she left, he tried to follow her, he says hes read a Chicago paper for years just on the chance of catching a glimpse of Daisys name. (pg. 84), but she was out of touch. Gatsby wanted Daisy back so much that he would do anything to keep his sorry past where it should be: in the past. He needed to change his life to keep his love with him. The first turning point in Gatsbys life occurred when he found out that Daisy was getting married. The man who had taken her away from him was named Tom Buchanan. In a sense, He was everything Gatsby wanted to be. Tom was rich, successful, and most importantly, he had just acquired the one thing that Gatsby loved most in the world: Daisy. Gatsby decided that he needed to change his life to win Daisy back. Gatsby assumed that the reason Daisy had left him was because he was poor and had a less than satisfactory background. Thus, he forced himself to climb out of the hole of his childhood and shed his outer shell in order to create a whole new name for himself. He changed his name to Jay Gatsby and began to make his mark on society. The only thing that makes Gatsby different from everyone else in the 1920s was that he did not want it all for himself. He HAD to achieve greatness in order to win Daisy back. .u3893532174f3947d6c0d9294e2b1d31b , .u3893532174f3947d6c0d9294e2b1d31b .postImageUrl , .u3893532174f3947d6c0d9294e2b1d31b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3893532174f3947d6c0d9294e2b1d31b , .u3893532174f3947d6c0d9294e2b1d31b:hover , .u3893532174f3947d6c0d9294e2b1d31b:visited , .u3893532174f3947d6c0d9294e2b1d31b:active { border:0!important; } .u3893532174f3947d6c0d9294e2b1d31b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3893532174f3947d6c0d9294e2b1d31b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3893532174f3947d6c0d9294e2b1d31b:active , .u3893532174f3947d6c0d9294e2b1d31b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3893532174f3947d6c0d9294e2b1d31b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3893532174f3947d6c0d9294e2b1d31b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3893532174f3947d6c0d9294e2b1d31b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3893532174f3947d6c0d9294e2b1d31b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3893532174f3947d6c0d9294e2b1d31b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3893532174f3947d6c0d9294e2b1d31b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3893532174f3947d6c0d9294e2b1d31b .u3893532174f3947d6c0d9294e2b1d31b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3893532174f3947d6c0d9294e2b1d31b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hard News vs. Soft News Essay He was positive that if he came back to her as a wealthy successful man, she would not be able to resist him, and he would have her back forever. Ultimately, Gatsbys goal was to be closer in status to Tom, the rich man who intimidated him, but who kept him away from the love he adored.Gatsby did not waste any time creating his fortune. He made haste, for he believed that the sooner he made money, the sooner he would win Daisy and his rightful happiness. So, with the help of a close friend of Gatsbys, Dan Cody, Gatsby

Agricultural regionalisation in assam and kerela Essay Example

Agricultural regionalisation in assam and kerela Essay This report deals with the three aspects ,namely , the agricultural rationalization ,credit allocation mechanism and the rural-urban disparities within the two states of Assam and kernel. Both the states are predominantly agrarian with almost similar rainfall patterns and topography . Being agrarian in nature agricultural rationalization as well as the credit allocation mechanism play a pivotal role in it. If agriculture stagnates, it will act as a break on industrial expansion and halt real Roth.. But it is obvious that there is hardly any possibility of substantial increase in the area of cultivation Therefore, intensive cultivation and strong credit allocation system that will intern help the farmers to get good seeds ,farm equipments appears to be the only way to boost agriculture Both the states have the same staple crop rice but the variety do vary due to temperature and the rainfall patter in the respective states. We will write a custom essay sample on Agricultural regionalisation in assam and kerela specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Agricultural regionalisation in assam and kerela specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Agricultural regionalisation in assam and kerela specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Kraal being termed as the ideal state has been growing at the rate of 6. 98% whereas Assam which is considered as an underdeveloped state its economy grew only by 3. % as compared to the 6% growth rate by India . There are various factors responsible for it. In this report we aim to look at the various agricultural issues and disparity . However we would suggest some key measures/ policy prescriptions that need to be taken by the state to more equitable distribution of resources within the regions and sectors of the state. Overview of agriculture in Assam Agriculture in Assam exhibits most of the characteristics of underdeveloped/ backward agriculture, namely, a high dependence on agriculture for livelihood, widespread practice of traditional farming techniques and correspondingly low sage of modern farm inputs, low levels and low growth in productivity and incomes in the sector, widespread prevalence of subsistence cultivation, poor / inadequate agricultural infrastructure, and so on. About 89 per cent of the population in Assam lives in rural areas as per the 1991 Census. About 75 per cent of the states population is directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture, while about 69 per cent of the workforce in the state is actually engaged in agricultural activities. On the other hand, the sectors contribution to the states income has been falling sharply ever time, from nearly 50 per cent in early sass to only about 35 per cent by the end of sass. Though this is natural when economic development occurs, in Assam this has come about despite the slow overall economic growth in the state. Even though the state is richly endowed in natural resources, such as abundant rainfall, alluvial Assam has been slow over the decades. Consequently, the state is not Just lagging behind most others in the country but is unable to meet its own requirements in many agricultural commodities. Now let us examine the progress of agriculture in Assam, the constraints it faces and possible policy actions that can be taken to remove / reduce those constraints to agricultural growth in the state. DATA: Before proceeding to assess the status of agriculture in Assam, a few remarks on the database are warranted. The analysis relies on secondary data on various variables of interest. The data have been collated from various official statistical documents published by the Government of India, the Government of Assam, the North-Eastern Council, the Fertilizers Association of India, and the Assam Agricultural University, Gorham. The analysis is confined to the post-1980 period up to the latest year for which data are available. The gross cropped acreage total and under different crops is shown in Table 1 as an illustration. The data on total cropped acreage under the state does not tally with the sum total of the acreage under individual crops. This obviously raises doubts about estimates of cropping intensity, cropping patterns, yield levels, et cetera. The data on irrigation also present a somewhat confusing and uncertain picture. On one hand, the data on net area irrigated in the state has not been updated ever since 1953-54. Whereas at other places in the above-mentioned data sources, various figures are reported as the irrigation potential developed and potential utilized. In such a situation, the true picture with regard to the status of irrigation cannot be properly gauged. Further, the status with regard to the availability / use of irrigation for different crops is more or less unknown, as the crop-wise irrigation data have not been updated since 1953-54. With the available data being in such a situation, one can obtain only a rough idea of the state of affairs with regard to agriculture in Assam. They have been used only to obtain a rough comparative picture of the status of agriculture in Assam visit-Â ¤-visit the country as a whole and in some cases with Punjab, probably agriculturally the most advanced state in India. Such comparisons, though lacking in precision, could still provide valuable insights into the problems confronting agriculture in Assam. Agricultural rationalization Agricultural rationalization is basically is an area which depicts homogeneity in respect of agricultural land use and cropping pattern. It generally shows broad similar ties in the nature of crops grown, their combination pattern, method of litigation, average quantum of inputs and orientation of farming activities. Such similarities mainly arise out of the uniformity of physical and agro-climatic conditions and socio- cultural characteristics. With the passage of time agricultural regions undergo changes in their salient features and characteristics. The introduction of rice cultivation in Punjab and popularity of wheat in the lower Gangs plain may be cited as examples. Agricultural regions are affected both by the elements of the physical and cultural environment. While former includes climate, topography, soils etc. ICC have their bearing on the agricultural characteristics, the latter consists of such elements like population density, agricultural practices, agro cultural technology, crop land use, land tenure, land ownership, arbitration, transport and into account in agricultural rationalization. Topography Assam Topography shows the positional features of the state. Sharing its borders with various states like Megalith, England, Bhutan, Mozart, West Bengal, Raunchy Pradesh and Maniple, As sam is located on the north-east part of India. The prime geographical characters that form the topographical features of Assam are he Bark Valley and the River of Paramount. From north-eastern corners to west and further towards south, the Paramount River spread its rich alluvial plains across the length and breadth of Assam. The topography of Assam is also featured through many quaint hills that existed in the land from ancient periods. In fact some of the hills of Mozart, which is an adjoining state, act as the boundary indicators. The state is divided into three broad geographic units: The lower and central Assam hills, known as the Shilling Plateau The Brail ranges and the low hilly terrains of Mezzo hills The Alluvial valley of Paramount, Deanship and the Bark river The lower and central Assam range which includes, from west to east, the Agro, Khaki, Saint and the outlying Mike hills are in reality a plateau or table-land. The general height of the plateau ranges between 3,oft and 6,oft. The Khaki and Juanita hill portion of the plateau are comparatively higher and flatter than the Agro and Mike hills on the west and northeast. The highest peak of the plateau is the Shilling peak (6450 Ft) The lofty Brail ranges, also known as the North Charm hills, are separated from the Shilling plateau on the Northwest by a system of narrow valleys. Technically, the Barrels form a south westerly extension of the mountain chain of England and western Burma. It is this chain of mountain that separates the valley of Irradiated and Chining of Burma from the valley of Paramount and the Meghan. The Patti, Nag and Maniple hills and the Mezzo hills, form part of this great mountain system. The Mezzo hills consist of a belt of North- South trending ridges with intricate valleys, with an average height of 3,oft. The alluvial plains of Assam consist of two distinct parts I. E. The valley of the Paramount and its tributaries and the Bark valley. These are separated from each there by the water shed of the Shilling plateau and the Brail ranges. Climate Assam at present consists of two hill districts and twenty one plain districts. The climate of the hills is generally salubrious while that of the plains is comparatively warm in summer but cool in winter. Accordingly,the climate of Assam is characterized by alternate cool and warm periods with a highly humidity,Especially from May to November. Between March and May at the time when precipitation in Northern India is at the minimum, Assam gets some amount of rainfall from the Northwesters which keep the temperature low in the season of spring. In the plains of Assam, the maximum temperature does not go beyond OFF. Or ICC and in winter the plains of Assam have a minimum temperature of about ICC or about OFF. The climate of the plains and the sub-Montana region becomes unpleasant,especially in the summer season. It happens to be so because of the extreme humidity which comes with the monsoon. In the plains of Assam,including the district of Charm the temperatures in summer may be only about ICC. But the humidity may be so high bouts of rainfall. From the climatic point of view the year in Assam can broadly be divided in two, the cold season and the rainy season. However,there are two other short seasons namely spring and autumn representing the transition between cold and rainy seasons and that between rainy and cold seasons respectively Soil Red Loam Soil, Alluvial Soil and Laterality Soil these three types of soil mainly found in Assam State. Red Loam Soil is found the places like Agro, Mezzo Hills, Charm (part of), Khaki-Saint Hills and Siberia of Assam. Part of Shagbark, Saint Hills, Khaki Hills, Charm (part of) and Owning is the region where Laterality Soil found. Alluvial Soil covers entire Daring, Kumara, Lashings, Goalpost, Siberia and part of Agro Hills. Crops being cultivated in Assam Out of the total geographical area of 78. 43 lake hectares, almost one-third (30. 42 percent) is under net cultivation covering an area of 23. 86 lake hectares (excluding tea area). The gross cropped area occupies about 36. 37 lake hectares.

Free Essays on What Services Above Self Means To Me

â€Å"What Services above Self Means To Me† When I was a little girl my mother told me that â€Å"it takes an entire village to raise a single child.† Of course she told me this in response to my cries about being scolded by the lady who lived above us for playing in the street. But, what she said left a lasting impression on me. Today, although I do have healthy self-esteem, I realize that I am but a component of my community, and that the strength of any fabric is never any stronger than the strength of its weakest thread. My community is my fabric and I want to be a positive contributor to my community. The thread that I am, wants to be strong and I am, but not at the expense of my community, my state or my country. I know that I have to have a healthy balance of desire to succeed, individually, and self sacrifice, because a better me makes a better community, and a better community enables me with greater opportunity. To me, â€Å"Service above Self† means that I would work at the Animal Shelter, as I do, and devote most of my free time to volunteer work by helping people less fortunate than I am. But, these are things I derive much pleasure from. I enjoy helping people. I believe even more so, however, that â€Å"Service Above Self† is what happens when you sacrifice yourself and give the fruit of your soul. It is when you extend yourself with no concern for reimbursement or even losses. It is the thing you did purely because was the right thing to do. In many ways, my education is like service above self, because I devote a lot of myself to my studies. Studies that eventually will lead to a career in helping people. Helping people will enhance my life and add to the lives of future generations. The solidity of future generations will add to the quality of life for my family and myself and improve my community. I want to make that â€Å"village† that helped raise me proud, and I’m ... Free Essays on What Services Above Self Means To Me Free Essays on What Services Above Self Means To Me â€Å"What Services above Self Means To Me† When I was a little girl my mother told me that â€Å"it takes an entire village to raise a single child.† Of course she told me this in response to my cries about being scolded by the lady who lived above us for playing in the street. But, what she said left a lasting impression on me. Today, although I do have healthy self-esteem, I realize that I am but a component of my community, and that the strength of any fabric is never any stronger than the strength of its weakest thread. My community is my fabric and I want to be a positive contributor to my community. The thread that I am, wants to be strong and I am, but not at the expense of my community, my state or my country. I know that I have to have a healthy balance of desire to succeed, individually, and self sacrifice, because a better me makes a better community, and a better community enables me with greater opportunity. To me, â€Å"Service above Self† means that I would work at the Animal Shelter, as I do, and devote most of my free time to volunteer work by helping people less fortunate than I am. But, these are things I derive much pleasure from. I enjoy helping people. I believe even more so, however, that â€Å"Service Above Self† is what happens when you sacrifice yourself and give the fruit of your soul. It is when you extend yourself with no concern for reimbursement or even losses. It is the thing you did purely because was the right thing to do. In many ways, my education is like service above self, because I devote a lot of myself to my studies. Studies that eventually will lead to a career in helping people. Helping people will enhance my life and add to the lives of future generations. The solidity of future generations will add to the quality of life for my family and myself and improve my community. I want to make that â€Å"village† that helped raise me proud, and I’m ...

Was the colllapse of Muammar Qaddafi's dictatorship caused by the Essay

Was the colllapse of Muammar Qaddafi's dictatorship caused by the western world, because of the benefits they would aquire from - Essay Example However, on a closer scrutiny of the same footage, and that which lies behind the same, one can start making a discovery of an anomalous tale that casts a rather unflattering light on a number of the elites in both American and British (Western world) establishments. Over these four decades reign, different individuals from the Western world got mixed up, in one way or the other, with Gaddafi and his form of leadership. There are those who were solely in pursuit of his money and as thus not only flattered, but also sneaked to him since they were pursuing friendship with him. On the other hand, there are those (and this formed the larger group) who saw him as their enemy. The latte even went a step further to avails their resources in turning Gaddafi into assort of a 2-dimensional cartoon-like worldwide villain (Curtis 1). Those who had taken active roles in ensuring that Gaddafi's leadership crumbles were not solely politicians, but also included spies and journalists from such agenc ies as M16 and CIA, public relations (PR) firms, members of Washington think tanks, humanitarian intervention philosophers, leaders of the IRA, academics and posh left wing revolutionaries. All these groups had varied aims and this made them use this African leader in different ways. Seemingly, almost all these groups were in fear in the sense that both power and influence were slipping away from them in a hurried manner and that they were hardly certain of what was to happen next. However, this paper is geared toward availing an in-depth understanding of how the Western world had instigated the collapse of Muammar's dictatorship and how the West would benefit from the same (Watson 1). Introduction Majority of the claims from the Western world have actually painted Muammar Gaddafi to be among the evil individuals to have ever existed. On the contrary however, and in my view, Gaddafi might not have been such evil. History has it that having been at some point a poor nomad, Gaddafi ro se up strongly to overthrow a characteristically vicious pedophilic monarch. Additionally, he did fight for the rights of the poor as well as women in the Libyan society. In a global view, Muammar was on the forefront in fighting for the rights of the African continent against Western Imperialism (Roberts 1). It is even arguable that were it not for the Western propaganda machine- commonly known as the media- the accomplishments this African persona had made would have earned himself great prize including the Nobel Peace Prize, thus positioning him among the greatest leaders of the world of the century that has already had its sun setting. It is only that the media could hardly talk of the good things that Gaddafi had done, like being the very first head of state in the African continent to craft the very first true contemporary democracy as contrasted to a majority of the fake democracy representations in many other countries. Unlike the quoted democracy in nations, where only thos e with political say and the banks have the power and not the people, the Libyans truly had the power bestowed upon them. Muammar's Libya possessed a democracy superior to most of the countries in the world and this was annoying to almost all the Western nations- which could hardly bear the thought of a third world country having superior political system than that of their own. If dictatorship was anything to go by,

Imaging Informatics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Imaging Informatics - Essay Example egrated with a number of clinical data systems such as the HIS and the RIS which is used in the medical images distribution all over the image centred bases and in electronic archiving (Samei, 2004). The flow of work in departments of radiology has been enhanced in the current age due to the PACS installation progressive development alongside significant reductions in the costs of healthcare which have in combination had positive impacts on the care of the sick (Samei, 2004). The proliferation of more technical features maybe sustainably enhanced, according to Lemke (2011), and since such features in order to meet the requirements of medical personnel and systems of healthcare need new avenues/ approaches, a number of obstacles may be experienced. Compared to other choices such as film, PACS installations though costly may in the long run lead to reduced expenditure. However, there is the necessity for medical services after evaluating the overall features that can assist in meeting all requirements to use the PACS that are appropriate in order to reduce the significance of the effect of the effectiveness of cost of medical institutions that welcome huge numbers of patients yearly (Robertson and Saveraid, 2008). Along the same vein, the proceeding deliberation focuses on PACS’ general and technical characteristics/ features according to two various manufacturers. Apart from discussing the PACS’ advantages and disadvantages, this analysis wi ll additionally delve into the similarities and differences of the PACS. In addition, the discussion offers recommendations concerning the most appropriate systems for different clinical situations. In general, the two main PACS looked at in this issue, which are the most relevant in this debate because of their presence and popularity in the markets such as in Saudi Arabia, are the Agfa IMPAX 6 and the Fujifilm’s Synapse (Samei et al, 2004). According to Agfa Healthcare (2012), Agfa has installed over 200 PACS in over

Individual Annotated Bibliography (IAB) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Individual (IAB) - Annotated Bibliography Example s a need for standards to govern ethics in business so that whenever we feel that an organization has done something wrong, we can have a valid rationale, as well as a systematic and widely understandable point of argument. Andrew Crane is a Professor of Business Ethics at the School of Business in Schulich. He joined the school in January of 2007. He has also been the Chair of Business Ethics of the International Center for Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSSR) in Nottingham Business School. Before that, he had been at Cardiff University; here, he had been involved in the setting up of BRASS. With all these credentials, this is a very credible author whose insight cannot be brushed aside for anything else. These authors discuss the main ethical theories and their potential and value for business ethics. In looking at ethical theories, they suggest two perspectives from which to look at it. These include ethical relativism and ethical absolutism. These authors argue that, for the purposes and reasons of practical decision making in business, the theories of ethical absolutism and ethical relativism do necessarily make for positions that are particularly useful. For them, pluralism is the answer to the problems related to business ethics. Pluralism, as they explain, occupies the middle ground between relativism and absolutism. According to the pluralism point of view that these authors vouch for, different moral backgrounds and convictions are acceptable, and at the same time, a consensus in rules and basic principles in certain contexts in social domains deserve to be reached. Further on, these authors provide a line of thought that states that in business there is just benefit and harm to define morality. They get this statement from Kaler (1999). According to it, wrong and right are mainly to do with providing benefits and aiming to avoid harm at all times. The authors also criticize the egoistic theory of ethics. They state that the theory can and may only

Baku In Azerbaijan: Pollution Levels

Baku In Azerbaijan: Pollution Levels Imagine that you are walking down the street and see nothing but stones, ruins, fissures on the land; its dark and you even do not see what is happening near you because of fog and soot, you try to get something attractive, you want to see blue sea and white seagulls over it, but again, you see nothing but the cruel reality and the saddest thing is that you realize there is nowhere to run to escape this.. It is our world; this is what happened with the planet as a result of human activity. You wish you could leave not because of yourself, but because of your children, you do not want them to grow up in such environment, you realize that theyll never see the things you saw: green trees, blue skies, pure water. They will not understand what the fresh air means, they will hardly believe in story about fish in the sea, birds in the sky. But, maybe you will not even wish to tell them what you saw, because you are sure they will probably ask: So what happened, why everything turned to be so bad, who is guilty? And it will be difficult to explain them that these are people have destroyed their own lives.We all are living on one planet, Who will save it for our children, for new generation if we dont? Azerbaijan has the reputation of being an environmental disaster zone. Many scientists consider Apsheron Peninsula, where 50% of Azerbaijanis live, to be the most ecologically devastated area in the world because of severe air, water and soil pollution. The objective of this paper is to present a brief review related to the pollution in Azerbaijan, in particular in Baku and Sumgait cities, historical development of oil sector and exploration of oil and gas deposits in the country and its influence on environmental situation, history of water, air and ground pollution in Azerbaijan. To achieve the proposed objective, the first chapter of the paper presents the country profile and oil sector development history as well as present production situation. The second chapter covers issues of history of pollution in Baku and the related factors contributed to that as industrial development, decades of lack of sustainable environmental policy. Divided into subchapters it gives more comprehensive detailed analysis of environmental concerns in Azerbaijan. At the end of this document, a brief conclusion about this topic is presented as well as the bibliographical sources used to prepare the respective presentation and paper on the subject of history of environment. CHAPTER 1. COUNTRY PROFILE AND OIL HISTORY Geographical location of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan is a lower middle-income country with a gross national income per capita of $1,240 in 2005. Territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan is 86,6 thousand square kilometres. Azerbaijan has common boundaries with: Iran in the south along the perimeter 765 km, with Turkey 15 km, with Russia in the north 390 km, with Armenia in the west 1007 km. The length of the coastal line is 713 km. Azerbaijanis situated in the eastern part of the South Caucasus on the Caspian Sea shore and covers an area of 86.6 thousand km2. Capital of Azerbaijan is Baku city. General facts on the country. Population of the Republic of Azerbaijan 8 million and 593 thousand people (for 01.01.2007). The age-composition of the population comprises the following age-classes: people of 0-14 years of age make up 26% of the population, 15-64 years-67%, 65 and above-for 7%. Young people of 18-34 years of age make up 29% of the population with the half of them living in big cities. Country Statistical Profile 2006* Population, total (millions) 8.48 Population growth (annual %) 1.10 Life expectancy at birth, female (years) 75.20 Life expectancy at birth, male (years) 69.60 GDP (current US$) (billions) 19.85 GDP growth (annual %) 34.50 GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions) 15.64 Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) 8.30 Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) -2.94 Time required to start a business (days) 52.00 Internet users (per 100 people) 9.77 Source: www.world.bank.org Azerbaijan is rich in mineral resources, mainly oil and natural gas but also in iron ore, nonferrous metals, bauxite. The country also has agricultural land and a well-educated labour force with a strong entrepreneurial tradition. Despite the countrys natural resources, poverty continues to pose a major challenge for Azerbaijan. In 2005 29% of the population lived in poverty and 8% in extreme poverty. Azerbaijan has had high economic growth in 2006 and 2007 that was due to large and growing oil exports. The oil and gas sector contributes approximately 1/3 of GDP, while agriculture contributes about 9%. The impressive GDP growth of the past five years with an average annual growth rate of 12% was led mainly by oil and gas production. Oil production is expected to peak in 2011 and decline thereafter in the absence of major new discoveries. Azerbaijan shares all the problems of the former Soviet republics in making the transition from a command to a market economy, but its considerable energy resources brighten its long-term prospects. Several other obstacles slow down Azerbaijans economic progress: the need for stepped up foreign investment in the non-energy sector, the continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, pervasive corruption, and elevated inflation. Trade with Russia and the other former Soviet republics is declining, while trade is building with Turkey and the nations of Europe. Long-term prospects will depend on world oil prices, the location of new oil and gas pipelines in the region, and Azerbaijans ability to manage its energy wealth. 1.3. History of Oil boom in Azerbaijan Information on oil production in Azerbaijan was repeatedly mentioned in the manuscripts of scientists and travelers in the Middle Ages and it was noted that such an uncommon product would generate a significant income. Arabian historian Masudi Abdul Huseyn (9th century) mentioned in his manuscripts that there were two main sources of Black oil and white oil (kerosene) on Apsheron Marco Polo (13-14th century) wrote in his travel notes that Apsheron peninsula was dotted with oil wells and the oil extracted used for lighting and for heating purposes. Engelbert Kaempfer (15th century) oil was transported via wineskins on four-wheeled carts to Shamakhi and Baku. From Shamakhi it is taken across country on camels. From Baku it is taken by sea to other regions Turkish traveler Ortakoy (17th century) The area around Baku has a burning ground. The ground is hot from the burning fuel beneath it. Early views of Baku and first drilling methods Early oil extraction methods were very primitive mainly hand dug wells drilled to very shallow depths (2-3 meters). Overall In 1813, 136 wells were drilled in Absheron which produced total volume of only 64 barrels of oil per day. In 1825, oil was produced on the Absheron peninsular in all suborns of Baku. But it should be stressed out that much of early oil production was wasted in blowout gushers and this was a very uneconomical and environmentally harmful process. Workers were dying because of the gushers. The strong gushers were flooding the houses in the nearest villages. Oil from wells was lost for nothing because of oil gushers. In 1844 in Baku, more than a decade earlier than the oil well in Pennsylvania (USA, 1859), V. Semyonov, the Baku mining engineer, drilled a well 21 m deep using primitive percussion method in the settlement of Bibi-Heybat near Baku. This is considered the starting point of industrial oil extraction in Azerbaijan and in the whole world. The first oil refinery was built in 1859 in Baku. In 1878 the first oil pipeline in the world was constructed between oil fields in Balakhany and the oil refinery in Baku. The length of pipeline was 12 km. 1896-1906 the construction of Baku-Batumi (Georgia) pipeline carrying 900 thousand tons of oil per year. The Nobel Brothers were major contributors to oil transport, who built the worlds first oil carrying steamship, named Zoroaster in 1878 and constructed the first rail tanks for transporting oil in 1883 from Baku to Astrakhan (Russia). By 1900, Azerbaijan was producing more than ten million tons of oil each year which was more than half of the worlds oil supply. Oil boom also influenced on the other sectors and Azerbaijan benefited from the expertise of well known chemists and geologists from the whole world such as the Russian chemist D. Mendeleyev, creator of the periodic table of chemical elements. As a result, innovative new techniques such as rotary drilling and gas lift were tested for the first time in Azerbaijan. The Nobel Brothers oil wells in Bakus suburb Oil boom have had very negative affect as well, particularly on ecological situation in Azerbaijan: oil wells in the vicinity of Baku were pumping oil into reservoir lakes. The ecological disaster started 100 years ago still plagues the region. 1.4. Current oil production in Azerbaijan. The oil and gas industries are the basis of the economy of Azerbaijan. Since World War II, the republic not only fully provided itself with oil and oil products but also supplied the majority of oil and oil products to other republics of the former Soviet Union. Azerbaijans sharp economic decline in the first half of the 1990s has reversed and the economy has been growing since 1996. After gaining independence in1992 Azerbaijan started to attract badly needed foreign investment into the country. The implementation of the 20 production-sharing arrangements Contracts (requiring $60 billion investment) that have been concluded so far is an integral part of Azerbaijans oil strategy. Azerbaijans oil production declined through 1997, but has registered an increase every year since. Oil production under the first of the Contracts, with the Azerbaijan International Operating Company, began in November 1997. A consortium of Western oil companies began pumping 1 million barrels a day from a la rge offshore field in early 2006, through a $4 billion pipeline it built from Baku to Turkeys port of Ceyhan. By 2010 revenues from this project will double the countrys current GDP. The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline was officially opened in July 13, 2006 and now transports crude oil 1,760 km (1,094 miles) from the Azer-Chiraq-Guneshli oil field (Baku suburb) in the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. It is the second longest oil pipeline in the world (the longest being the Druzhba from Russia to central Europe). According to State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan Republic, the current oil production is the following: Oil production: 934,700 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil consumption: 160,000 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil exports: 795,600 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil imports: 3,924 bbl/day (2004) Oil proved reserves: 7 billion bbl (17 April 2007 est.) Source: www.azstat.org CHAPTER 2. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 2.1. History of pollution in Baku and Sumgait In environmental terms, the long history of oil exploration (supplemented during the Soviet days by the petrochemical industry) has left the country with a massive legacy of oil and other chemical pollution, both land-based and offshore. Environmental deterioration is widespread in Azerbaijan. The country faces numerous problems related to air and water quality, land and biodiversity, lowering levels of the Caspian Sea, outdated and polluting industries, and oil field spills. The Government recognizes the need to address environmental problems to sustain economic development and a poverty reduction effort however much remains to be done to improve the countrys environment, particularly in urban areas. ( Baku onshore oil fields. Oil workers work in 24 hour shifts.) Starting from Soviet time economic development of Azerbaijan is concentrated mainly in the coastal areas on the Absheron Peninsula, between the contaminated sections of Bakus districts and the industrial city of Sumgait. These cities were considered the most polluted cities in Soviet Union. Azerbaijan was producing oil not only for itself but also to the all Soviet union Republic and decades of lack of sustainable environmental policy and unsustainable oil production starting from Soviet time till now, left behind huge wastelands with standing oil ponds and severely contaminated soil. Industrial development and mobile sources of fuel combustion have released high concentrations of heavy metals and other toxic and hazardous elements into air, land and water. As a result, urban areas, such as Baku and Sumgait, became classic examples of environmental hot spots. This pool on the edge of town is evidence of the oil pollution in Baku. The transition period (after collapse of Soviet Union) economic output has declined dramatically and industrial and agricultural decline reduced air pollution, industrial water discharges and pollution from agrochemicals. But starting from 1996 the economy began to grow up in a rapid way. In common with other newly independent states, Azerbaijan is an urbanized society (urban population around 55% of the total). The Absheron Peninsula, with Baku and Sumgait, accounts for 50% of the countrys population and is a home to more than 80 big, 370 medium-sized, and 2000 small industrial enterprises. The upsurge of foreign investment in the oil and gas sector since 1996 has further underlined the economic dominance of the coastal area and the Absheron Peninsula in particular. Vehicles emissions significantly increased over the last decade (because of high economic growth) and became a leading source of unchecked air-pollution. Baku-Ceyhan pipeline will also contribute to air pollution because of increased oil production and lack of attention to modernization of oil industry from environmental management perspective. Currently, Azerbaijan achieved Rigs outside the Baku city center, near Ramana significant progress in updating its environmental legislation, build partnership with international agencies and organizations addressing environmental issues, work on capacity development, etc., but the accumulation of toxic industrial waste, waste metals, pesticides residues, and oil pollution represents substantial and unresolved environmental problems. Government of Azerbaijan with the support of international experts developed the National Environment Action Plan identifying four priority categories for Azerbaijan: pollution from industrial production: oil exploration and production; energy; transport; other sources Caspian Sea Forestry, land an biodiversity Institutional development According to Caspian Envoriment Program, the major polluting industrial sectors identified in the Caspian Region are the following: Area/Country Industrial Sectors Sumgait/Azerbaijan Power Plants Petrochemical Industry Inorganic Chemical Industry Organic Chemical Industry Baku/Azerbaijan Power Plants Refineries Oil Gas Exploitation Metal Works Shipyards Harbours Absheron Peninsula/Azerbaijan Breweries Meat Processing Oil Gas Exploitation Northern Azerbaijan Beverages Fruit Vegetable Processing Southern Azerbaijan Fish Processing Fruit Vegetable processing Source: http://www.caspianenvironment.org/newsite/index.htm For more comprehensive understanding of the environmental concerns in Baku, I will proceed with more detailed analysis on water, air and ground pollution in the next sub-chapters. 2.2. Water Pollution. 2.2.1. Availability of water resources. Azerbaijan has limited water resources- only 30% of river flow resources are formed within the country Apsheron Peninsula is one of the least water resources per capita and per unit area. Azerbaijan is almost entirely depends on Kur-Araz river basin originates in north-astern Turkey, passes through Georgia and flows into the Caspian Sea in Azerbaijan. The water is used for agricultural, domestic, and industrial purposes, and for hydropower generation and recreation. The problems in the basin are related to both quantity and quality of water. Water shortage is acute because rainfall declines sharply from west to east across the basin. Drought periods in the basin are very common. Other rivers formed from rain and snow start in mountains very often do not have permanent river beds. Undergrounds water resources make up about 25% of the river flow and have potential for future use, but currently provide only 5% of water abstraction. Piped drinking water reaches 50-95% of the urban population and to some estimates, safe drinking water is available to less tan 50% of urban residents. Baku and Sumgayit, and about 75 other cities receive centralized water supply. Norm of daily water consumption for Baku citizen is about 400-580 litres that is very high in comparison with other countries but the water is undrinkable (recommended to drink only after boiled) and provided in accordance with time schedule. Pollution of water resources Water quality is one of the major environmental concerns. Surface and underground water are polluted by untreated municipal and industrial wastewater and agricultural run-off. Kur-Araz river basin is heavily polluted by neighbouring countries- Georgia and Armenia about 40,000 tons of nutrients released each year before crossing the Azerbaijan border. As an example, on the Azerbaijan side of the border with Georgia in 1992-1994, average annual concentrations of phenols and oil products exceeded existing water quality standards by about 14 and 3 times respectively. Surface water and groundwater are polluted from a) oil spillage, linkage from pipelines, storage tanks, resulting in contamination of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals; b)pesticides from agriculture; c)factory wastes dumped into rivers; salinization of the water due to the Caspian sea water intrusion(raise of level of Caspian sea). Government estimates that 80% of country population uses water from Kur-Araz river basi n for drinking purposes that does not meet Azerbaijanis drinking water standards even after water treatment. Wastewater management and Policy measures/ Institutional responsibilities During the Soviet Union period, large volumes of effluents were discharged into receiving water bodies on the territory of Azerbaijan. Both domestic and industrial wastewater has been discharged into nearby reservoirs without proper treatment, if any. Existing Baku wastewater network, in operation for 100 years, does not have the capacity today for adequate and safe operations. Total wastewater collected in Baku is reported to be 1,3 -1,4 million m3/day. 30,000 m3/day of untreated municipal wastewater is discharged into the Caspian Sea. However only 50% of collected wastewater undergoes treatment and more that 40% of the housing districts not connected. Thus, this figure should be 10 times higher. In addition, of more that 40 oil industrial companies operating in Baku and Sumgait, treatment facilities in only 7 are considered to be functioning reasonably well and, as a result, untreated wastewater form oil fields and other polluting industries is mixed with municipal wastewater. The following measures have bee taken by the government to address the water pollution concern: Adoption of Water Code 1998; Law on water supply and waste water 2000; Law on amelioration and irrigation 1996; Law on environmental protection -1999 Gaps to be further addressed: Lack of national water protection strategy; integration of river basin management approach rather that administrative units approach; lack of institutional capacity of Ministry of Ecology and National Resources and other state bodies Air Pollution Industrialization and urbanization over 30 the past 35 years have resulted in significant deterioration of ambient air quality in urban areas. Currently, the major pollution in Baku and Sumgait is from motor vehicles; oil and gas industries; chemical steel; and power plants; and small and medium-size enterprises. According to data, 96% of the atmospheric pollution emissions are concentrated in 5 main cities of Azerbaijan with the most of air emission in Baku. 2.3.1. Sources and trends of air pollution Mobile sources. Currently, transport is considered to be the main source of air pollution, responsible for increase in NOx, organic chemical, and CO emissions. Historically, the proportion of emissions from transport in Azerbaijan was 30-40%. Because of economic raise number of vehicles is steadily increasing, but the problem is increase in numbers of poorly maintained old vehicles using low-quality fuel. More than 90% of all vehicles are more than 5- years old (foreign models, mostly used cars), and the average age of vehicles is around 15 years. In addition, system of vehicles inspection for checking vehicles emissions (qualified staff, technical equipment; lack of finance; law salary of inspectors) is very poor. Heavy traffic; bad road conditions; lack of bypasses in most cities also contribute to increased vehicle emissions. Stationary Sources. Currently the primary source of atmospheric pollution from Stationary sources are the release of associated gases by power plants, burning of untreated garbage; oil refineries, and factories in Sumgait. In Baku, emission of industrial pollutant unrelated to oil industry is relatively small with exception of releases of chlorofluorides from air conditioners; refrigeration industries; and cement production. Source: www.azstat.org Air Pollution: Trends in Air Quality. In general, the ambient air quality in Azerbaijan has improved in recent years as a consequence of the sharp decrease in air emissions from stationary sources. However, urban air pollution remains a matter of ongoing concern. Air quality data in Azerbaijan is collected by the Monitoring department of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources. According to official data, the air pollution emissions peaked in 1991 2,1 million tons; and is declining since that time (about 0,4 mln 0,2 mln tons) . In spite of lowered total emissions, air pollution is still perceived as critical. Annual air concentration level of soot in Baku is 3-5 times higher (depending on the source of information) that World Health Organization standards (60-90 ÃŽÂ ¼g/m3). Current and projected economic growths will further cause unsustainable deterioration of urban air quality because of lack of monitoring and control equipment Air Pollution: Policy measures/ Institutional responsibilities The following measures have bee taken by the government to address the air pollution concern: Law on Environmental protections 1999; Law on Air Protection 2001; National programmes on adjustment of standards form GOST to WHO international standards; Law on Hydromethereological activity 1998 (hydrometehrological measurements and environmental monitoring). Ratification by Azerbaijan UN Framework Convention on climate change in 1995 and Kyoto Protocol to the Convention in 2000 and Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in 1996 Gaps to be further addressed: Lack of institutional capacity of Ministry of Ecology and National Resources and other state bodies on adjustment to international standards Lack trained of staff; budget limitations; poor monitoring; symbolic penalties for violators, poor technology Lack of National Strategy addressing air pollution with concrete measures assign 2.4. Ground Pollution Solid Industrial and Hazardous Wastes During the Soviet period mostly heavy and chemical industry, including gas and oil, ferrous, chemical, machinery, as well as food and light industries-produced high volumes of solid industrial and hazardous wastes. At present, oil production, chemical and mineral resources extraction and processing, power plants, and hospitals are the major generators of solid and hazardous wastes. Particularly acute is the problem of the management of waste accumulated over decades of environmentally unsustainable development, as well as of newly accumulated waste. Known hazardous waste disposal sites are overloaded and not adequately sealed. There are no financial or institutional mechanisms to properly arrange for new sites. Solid pollution directly affects human heath via groundwater pollution, food contamination through vegetables and other crops grown in urban and per-urban areas. Soil pollution. As it was mentioned above, Azerbaijan signed an agreement with approximately 30 oil companies from 15 countries requiring that oil exploration and drilling should be according to international environmental standards, that are not fulfilled in most cases and oil-containing products are found both on legal and illegal dump sites with no protection. Unfortunately during soviet time, most of the industrial activities have focused in Sumgait and Baku that ( view from top of the center of Baku to Bail) resulted that exactly that are become most polluted. Baku area- Apsheron Penninsula soil is known for having them most acute oil degradation with more that 10,000 hectares of land heavily contaminated. Copper, lead and zinc mines are the main sources of heavy-metal soil pollution. Steel plants produce dust containing 15-30% zinc, 3-5% lead, 0,1% cadmium.  [1]  In some areas of Baku average concentrations of zinc in soils are up to 50-60 times the acceptable levels. Radioactive waste. The issues of radioactive waste are related to oil drilling and processing operations. Radio nuclides of natural Radium and Thorium that are present in rocks and gases are brought to the surface when water is pumped into the pipes to maintain steady flow. Thats why the radioactive contamination is focused near the oil fields. But there are also other sources of radioactive wastes research and medical institution concentrated mainly in capital Baku. Though there is the special isolated facility IZOTOP located 37 km from Baku for radioactive waste, statistical data for groundwater in Baku give the following figures: Radium 226, Thorium 228.  [2]   Municipal waste. Obviously, population growths in Baku and urbanization have resulted in increased generation of municipal waste. Solid municipal waste contains up to 35% food waste; 20-40% paper; 3-5% wood; 4-5% textile fabrics; 4-5% glass breakage; 1-2% metals; and up to 10% polymeric materials, though the share of paper and polymeric materials has been increasing.  [3]  In most European countries waste separation and recycling in applied but in Azerbaijan no waste separation and recycling is used: about 2% of waste burnt; 1,5% processed, and the left are disposed at municipal waste landfills that are overloaded and do not meet minimum health and environmental requirements. Absence of environmentally controlled landfills leads to: Risk of soil and groundwater contamination with heavy metals, toxics; Risk of dissemination of products containing heavy metals and toxics; Places for stray dogs, insects, rats, spreading infections; Smoke from burning wastes polluting the air 2.4.2. Solid Waste: Policy measures/ Institutional responsibilities The following measures have bee taken by the government to address the solid waste issues: Law on Industrial and Municipal waste in 1998; Hazardous Waste Management Agency established in 2003; National strategy on Hazardous Waste Management Agency (with WB support); Training programmes for national staff on radioactive waste management and computerized registry of radioactive materials by International Atomic Energy Agency; upgrade of IZOTOP facility; Development of criteria for rehabilitation of contaminated cites and national programme on rehabilitation of some oil-contaminated lands; National plan developed to address creation of new waste landfills; sorting disposal, recycling of waste; introduction of methods to generate biogas from municipal waste. Gaps to be further addressed: Plans and strategies are in place but not effectively implemented because of beuroctratic procedures and lack of financing the sector. Water level and Coastline of the Caspian Sea Caspian Sea is unique closed water basin, plays the important role in the establishment of the climate in the region, and has rich stocks of rare kinds of fishes, energy-carriers and large potential for development of sea transport. Disturbing the ecological condition of Caspian sea, caused by its pollution by industrial, agricultural and municipal wastes, offshore and coastal production of oil and gas, shipping company and other circumstances, have caused degradation its biodiversity, exhaust of fish resources, have increased fluctuations of the sea level, that has resulted to have fires of inhabited files and industrial infrastructures. The ecological problems of Caspian Sea can be divided into 3 types: Chemical pollution by the running rivers; Ecological problems, connected to the rise of the level of water; offshore oil industry. The variation of the Caspian Sea water level is a serious specific problem for the country that brings to economic, ecological, and social challenges. During 1927-1977, the surface area of the sea decreased from 425,000 km2 to 370,000 km2, which led to increasing development of the coastal ( Sea side, walking area called Bakinskiy Bulvar) territories and the construction of coast-protecting dams, channels, and roads, based on forecasts of further decreases in sea level. A reversal began in 1978 and during 1978- 1995, Caspian sea level rose by 2.3 m to -26.5 m. The new rise has caused extreme erosion of coastal areas, destruction of construction and engineering facilities, and inundation of vast areas. Scientists predict a further increase in sea level of 1.5-2.5 m by 2010 however the Government is not taking action to mitigate the consequences of sea level variation. In this regard, the most severe environmental effects of the rise in the Caspian water level are associated with secondary pollution of the sea from oil fields and possibly some industrial plants, either through direct flooding or rise in groundwater levels. Health Effects of environmental conditions Numbers of studies show the link between haz Protecting the Environment: Save Water, Save Our Life Protecting the Environment: Save Water, Save Our Life The world is getting thirstier, today, nearly 1 billion people in the developing world do not have access to clean, safe drinking water. 97.5 percent of the earth’s water is saltwater and undrinkable, less than 1 percent of fresh water is usable, amounting to 0.01 percent of the earth’s total water. These astonishing statistics shock me that the clean water we drink every day is hard-won. Water is limited natural resources, also it is the most important thing to all living. If we do not conserve, recycle, and more efficiently use water, our environment would have serious ecological consequences, such as climate change. Water crisis had become the most pressing environment issue, terrible in some countries like Africa. It may not obviously affect American’s daily life, but it would be too late to think about the solutions if the same problem coming to us. Polluted water would undermine the ecological environment. For instance, recently, a Chinese mine spilt into the river, causing animals to die and affecting the  local villages’. â€Å"Polluted water from a Chinese mining site in a Tibetan-populated area in western Chinas Sichuan province has spilt into a nearby river, killing large numbers of fish and livestock owned by villagers, according to sources in the region† (States News Service). In this news, mining activities are a lack of government regulation. The similar thing happened to Tibetan villagers in 2011, local people were legal to protest against environmental destruction and complaints to Chinese authorities yielded no results then, either. Chinese-operated mines not just pollute the drinking water also had caused severe damage to local forests and grasslands. We should perceive problem severity of water pollution in our global village. Moreover, the mismanagement mining or industrials not only issue in ecological environment damage but also waste an enormous amount of money and time for clean up the unsafe water. We will see a doctor and take medicine when we get sick, generally most of the diseases are under our control in short time; water is not alike human body, you might cannot see it from unsafe become clean drinking in your lifetime because water treatment takes over 100 years to recover the polluted water. â€Å"Computer projections in the environmental impact statement say that either active or passive water treatment will be needed for 200 years for the mine site, and up to 500 years for the metallurgical site. The document says water treatment would cost between $3.5 and $6 million per year after the mine closes† (Star Tribune). The reporter establishes that water treatment for mine and the metallurgical site will cost a lot of years and money. What if no one wants to spend money for the long-term water treatment? The answer is simple: Finally, the victims will be animals, plants, and us. According to Maude Barlow’s article, millions of people live in countries that cannot provide clean water to their citizens, because they are burdened by their debt to the global North. More children die each year of water-borne disease than war, HIV/AIDS and traffic accidents combined. â€Å"At least 62 countries need deep debt relief if the daily deaths of thousands of children are to end† (Global Issue 217). Barlow indicates that people in poor countries have not adequate water and exploit their resources to pay their debt. Barlow argues that water is commons and public that everyone can access, no one owns it; but it does not mean that we can waste water and wanton destruction the ecosystem. In my opinion, water does free to everybody, but actuality we pay for water fee for our family every month. I think this is one of the best ways to tell people to save water. However, we should help the poor countries which cannot provide clean water to people because of financi al problem. Today, water is wasted through abuse, inefficiency, leakage, evaporation, and allocation of pure water to tasks that do not need it. The global water crisis getting worse by the day and threatening millions of more people every year, therefore, water protection strategies are needs urgently. In article â€Å"Water of Life†, Postel point out a question that why are the greater amounts of money and sophisticated engineering have not solved the world’s water problem? â€Å"We have been trying to meet insatiable demands by continuously expanding a finite water supply† (Global Issue 225). Postel emphasises that human demand too much water which is limited and unable expand resources. Postel provided some suggest for protect, recycle, and how efficiently use water can contain people’s water demands and avoid or delay an ecological reckoning. â€Å"tried-and-true measures as thrifty irrigation techniques, water-saving plumbing fixtures, native landscaping, and w astewater recycling can cost-effectively reduce the amount of water required to grow food, produce material goods and meet household needs† (Global Issue 225). The author suggestions are convincing because each example she lists are improvable base on the technology today. Another example of wasting water is every people doing every day, which is using pure water to flushing the toilet. I suggest people use dish water or the water after wash vegetables to flushing. This is kind of use up the water by the second time, better than use pure water. In my perspective, to dealing with the global water crisis, we must leave sufficient water in rivers and lakes for ensuring their ecological health. The priority project we should do that is put investment to develop the infrastructure which can turn rainwater and stormwater harvesting, recycling, alternative energy use. In addition, only the protective measures of water are not enough, so we should create a new law to regulate human behaviours in order to protect the environment. As Martin Luther King said, the law may not change the heart but it will restrain the heartless. It is difficult or takes long-term to change human daily habits, but a law with punishments can at least restrict or let human perceive what is right and wrong. Wherever we are, we need water to survive. Not just because sixty percent of the human body is water, also fundamental for the production of food, clothing, and cars etc. Pollute water threatens our body and the next generation health problem. None of us can live on a dry planet, we are responsible for keeping the environment healthy, and make sure every person have clean and safe drinking water. Source Citation CHINESE MINE SPILL KILLS ANIMALS, POLLUTES WATER IN TIBETAN AREA. States News Service 18 Oct. 2013. General OneFile. Web. 18 Nov. 2014. Johnson, June. Global Issues, Local Arguments: Readings for Writing. N.p.: Pearson Education, n.d. Print. Iron Range mine could pollute water for 500 years; StateAEs first copper-nickel mine would require billions of dollars in long-term cleanup, regulators say. Star Tribune [Minneapolis, MN] 5 Oct. 2013: 1A. General OneFile. Web. 18 Nov. 2014.

What Makes Jack Welch an Effective Leader? Essay -- GCSE Business Mark

What Makes Jack Welch an Effective Leader? ---ideas from the article â€Å"Will Legacy Live On?† Before I talk about what makes Jack an effective leader, I want to explain briefly why I chose him as my study subject. Why do I like him? Jack Welch created a new model for business leaders everywhere. His genius leadership and management techniques are an example to anyone aspiring to a successful career. Why is he so famous? He became the youngest CEO and Chairman of one of America's biggest and most respected companies (General Electric) at age 44, and successfully rewrote the rules of what an incredibly profitable and successful company should be, and had fun in the process. What is leadership? To know what makes an effective leader, one must know what leadership is. According to our textbook, the definition of leadership is the ability to influence a group towards the achievement of goals. In this case, the group is General Electronic Corporation. For a big business empire like GE, obviously, the final goal is to make as much profit as it can to please its shareholders. Let’s see what the article describes about how Jack influences his team to achieve this goal: â€Å"Growing a company that was valued by the market at $13 billion when he took it over in 1981 to a behemoth worth more than $400 billion when he retired last year is what is called wealth creation – big time.† Without Jack, GE couldn’t have today’s accomplishment. What makes Jack be a leader? †¢ Personality According to the â€Å"trait theories of leadership† in the textbook, six traits have been identified as being consistently associated with leadership: 1) ambition and energy; 2) the desire to lead; 3) honesty and integrity; 4) self-confidence; ... ...world has become extremely fast and full of change. If the leader can’t adapt to changing conditions, it is very possible for his firm to be kicked out of the game. How can the firm change, though? The most effective way is to go through new ideas. Here, it reminders me Welch’s famous saying: "Change before you have to." †¢ Arts At last, I want to quote my favorite part in this article, which the following, Leadership is not a science. It’s not a recipe. It’s not the five rules about this or the six effective habits of that. It’s an art, and as Georges Braque wrote, the only thing that matters in art is the part that can’t be explained.† The only reason that I like this part is that I don’t need to apply any leadership theory here. My conclusion is that he is a very effective leader. If I were to become a successful CEO, I would follow his example.

Multiculturalism: For and Against

Points For and Against For: †¢ Australian society, often in the face of major difficulties. †¢ multiculturalism is good for the society as it brings cultural diversity to the society, can foster a tolerant society, and improve relations with other countries †¢ Multiculturalism is a set of practical policies aimed variously at improving the absorption of migrants and harmoniously integrating a culturally diverse society around liberal democratic values. ’[11] As such, multiculturalism is a conscious political and social choice made by the state and society in response to diversity. Against multiculturalism is bad, perhaps under the belief that migrants take jobs, that they bring racial tension to Australia, and that they create and settle in ghettos †¢ Multiculturalism can be seen as a set of norms or principles that uphold the right of the individual to retain, express and enjoy their culture. It also upholds the right of all individuals to have access to a nd participate in the social, cultural, economic and political life of the country to which they belong. †¢ Multiculturalism is a practical and principled response to the rapid increase in the global movement of people, commodities and ideas.People migrating to Australia often face problems associated with economic, social and cultural dislocation. These problems are exacerbated for people from non-English speaking backgrounds †¢ . Australian multiculturalism is a vital, long term social investment that aims, simultaneously, to address issues of social disadvantage and community relations More info:. 1)multiculturalism as a sound policy framework consistent with HREOC’s legislative mandate to promote understanding, respect and friendship among racial and ethnic groups in Australia and to combat prejudices that lead to racial discrimination. 4]2 )Multiculturalism is also a set of norms or principles compatible with HREOC’s vision for an Australian society in w hich the human rights of all are respected, protected and promoted. [5] In particular it resonates with a notion of equality which enables all Australians to participate fully in the social, cultural, economic and political life in Australia irrespective of race, religion, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin. 3) Finally, multiculturalism, both as policy and as principles, supports the ideals of a democratic society in which every person is free and equal in dignity and rights

Free Essays on Scholarship Essay

I believe everything one goes through in life whether, it’s good or bad should be a learning experience. It’s these experiences that may determine what path one may choose in life. It can also determine one’s success in life. As a student of Malcolm X College, since the fall of 1999, I can name many ways the knowledge that I acquired at Malcolm X College will help me in life. As a student I’ve learned to be more disciplined, and responsible. All these qualities, will, in my opinion, help me to be successful throughout my life. My transition from high school to college was difficult at first. When I first enrolled at Malcolm X College, in the fall of 1999, I had just graduated from Senn High school. I had no idea what to expect as a college student. I enrolled in two classes for a total of seven semester hours. The first couple of weeks I was totally lost, not only figuratively, but also literally. It seemed great at first, if I didn’t understand an assignment I didn’t have to do it. My professor would give out assignments, then they wouldn’t ask for them on the due date. Soon, I discovered that regardless of whether the professor asked for the assignments or not, if it was assigned, on the due date it had better be completed. I didn’t catch on quick enough, and found myself in a rut. I decided that I was so far in that rut, that I wasn’t going to go to class anymore. That semester I failed both of my classes. After that first semester, I learned that college w asn’t high school anymore; the professors weren’t going to baby me. I had to responsible for getting assistance, going to tutoring, studying, and completing all assignments, and tests. That’s the first semester I learned to be responsible for my own actions and the consequences of my actions. In addition to becoming more responsible, I also became more disciplined. That was the one and only semester that I failed a class. Since then,... Free Essays on Scholarship Essay Free Essays on Scholarship Essay I believe everything one goes through in life whether, it’s good or bad should be a learning experience. It’s these experiences that may determine what path one may choose in life. It can also determine one’s success in life. As a student of Malcolm X College, since the fall of 1999, I can name many ways the knowledge that I acquired at Malcolm X College will help me in life. As a student I’ve learned to be more disciplined, and responsible. All these qualities, will, in my opinion, help me to be successful throughout my life. My transition from high school to college was difficult at first. When I first enrolled at Malcolm X College, in the fall of 1999, I had just graduated from Senn High school. I had no idea what to expect as a college student. I enrolled in two classes for a total of seven semester hours. The first couple of weeks I was totally lost, not only figuratively, but also literally. It seemed great at first, if I didn’t understand an assignment I didn’t have to do it. My professor would give out assignments, then they wouldn’t ask for them on the due date. Soon, I discovered that regardless of whether the professor asked for the assignments or not, if it was assigned, on the due date it had better be completed. I didn’t catch on quick enough, and found myself in a rut. I decided that I was so far in that rut, that I wasn’t going to go to class anymore. That semester I failed both of my classes. After that first semester, I learned that college w asn’t high school anymore; the professors weren’t going to baby me. I had to responsible for getting assistance, going to tutoring, studying, and completing all assignments, and tests. That’s the first semester I learned to be responsible for my own actions and the consequences of my actions. In addition to becoming more responsible, I also became more disciplined. That was the one and only semester that I failed a class. Since then,...

20 Synonyms for Ghost

20 Synonyms for Ghost 20 Synonyms for â€Å"Ghost† 20 Synonyms for â€Å"Ghost† By Mark Nichol Ghost conjures an image of a visual but incorporeal representation of a person, but not all ghosts are alike, and like ghost, most of its synonyms also have connotations that apply to the everyday, substantial world. Here are twenty of those terms, with references to their natural connotations as well as supernatural ones: 1. apparition: a ghostly figure, or a sight that is unexpected or unusual 2. bogey (or bogie or bogy): synonymous with phantom and spirit, but also something that prompts fear or dread; by extension, an unidentified aircraft, especially an enemy warplane (also the source of the term bogeyman often spelled boogeyman referring to a monster whose name is invoked by parents or other adults to frighten children into obedience 3. banshee: a female spirit whose appearance or wailing cry presages death 4. bogle: synonymous with specter (the word from which bogey and its variants were derived) 5. eidolon: synonymous with phantom, but also refers to an exemplar or ideal 6. familiar (or familiar spirit): a spirit that takes animal form and protects or serves a person, especially a witch (also refers to flesh-and-blood figures, including a companion or other well-known person or a person seen frequently in a specific place or in general, a household attendant for a important official, or somebody who knows a subject well 7. haunt (or hant): synonymous with ghost; also, a frequented location, or, as a verb, to visit or reappear or recur frequently, or to trouble, or to inhabit or visit (said of a ghost) 8. materialization: synonymous with apparition 9. phantasm (or fantasm): synonymous with specter; also, an illusion or product of the imagination, or a mental image of a physical object 10. phantom: synonymous with apparition, but other figurative senses include something that is elusive or that has no physical form, including a representation, or something that evokes dread 11. poltergeist: a noisy, mischievous ghost 12. shade: a spirit, or a fleeting or unreal appearance, in addition to the standard meanings associated with the obscuring of light 13. shadow: synonymous with apparition, in addition to literal and figurative senses regarding partial darkness 14. specter (or spectre): a visible ghost; also refers figuratively to some threat or imminent disturbance, such as the threat of famine or war 15. spirit: a ghost that may or may not be visible, or a being capable of possessing a person; also, an animating force, a supernatural being, or a characteristic quality or temper 16. spook: synonymous with specter, but also slang referring to a spy 17. sprite: synonymous with ghost, though more often synonymous with elf or fairy or used to refer to an elflike person 18. vision: a supernatural appearance, not necessary of a lifelike figure, that reveals something to the viewer, in addition to connotations associated with sight as well as imagination 19. visitant: a visitor from a spirit realm; also, a real-life visitor 20. wraith: synonymous with specter, but also has the sense of a representation of a living person that appears to another just before that person’s death; also, like shadow, refers to a remnant, either of a person or a thing Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the FutureThe Many Forms of the Verb TO BE20 Clipped Forms and Their Place (If Any) in Formal Writing

Pros and Con of industrial revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pros and Con of industrial revolution - Essay Example The gains of the revolution outweigh the losses incurred because it elevated human capacity to new heights that had never been witnessed before in history. The revolution led to advances in the agriculture sector. The economy in the 18th and 19th century was based solely on agriculture (More 85). The revolution brought in new ideas that created shifts to the economy to make it more flexible and ensure the flow of wealth across all sectors. Industrial based economy spread the wealth evenly thus guaranteeing job security and specialization of professions. The industry also relied on skills developed over time regarding the performance of the jobs related to it. Many people were able to gain employment since the occupation did not require any extra knowledge to conduct the required job. Industrial revolution led to the enhancement of resource allocation and its use. The revolution became feasible due to the diminishing resources while the population was still growing at a fast pace. The revolution invented ways to ensure that resources such as food, water, basic facilities were allocated effectively. Improved agricultural methods such as water irrigation techniques and water harvesting are some examples used to enhance resource allocation. Prior to the revolution, unemployment was not an issue affecting the countries’ economies. However, unemployment became worse after the industrial revolution. Most people were replaced in their capacities to perform certain duties with the introduction of machines. This meant that they had difficulties in providing for their families thus degrading their life standards even further. They became vulnerable to contacting diseases. Subsequently the lack of employment led to an increase in crime and the emergence of shanties since people were unwilling to relocate back to villages. Citizens’ migration from the rural to urban areas in search of jobs led to a deficit in knowledge gaps (Hopkins

The Egyptian Revolution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Egyptian Revolution - Research Paper Example The daily existence of living in Egypt has been a bad dream where the only thing that is real is poverty, fear, cruelty, and corruption. There is no real education or work; it is all socially connected and related to corruption. One must follow the regime, never speaking out about what is seen, heard, or experienced. There are no human rights, no sense of right or wrong, no rules, just the consequences of corruption; a sick game of roulette. A person can only rise as far as what is allowed by the regime, for as long as is needed for the purpose to be served. On the surface, all appears to be well under control; the people have what they want, and all is well. On January 25, 2011, a scream erupted from the small country of Egypt that was heard around the world, â€Å"Mubarak must go!† (Tadros, 2011) The people of Egypt watched closely as Tunisia quickly removed their source of misery; it was a spark of hope for all those oppressed by corrupt regimes throughout the Middle East. Egyptians were tired of living under a corrupt government that made survival impossible; tired of police brutality, tired of the intense suffering that made daily living just another day to wait for death to come in sweet relief. The people of Egypt had reached a point where they were basically unable to survive under the current regime, police brutality had killed many innocent civilians; it was the monster lurking in the dark for every Egyptian. It was discovered that the New Year’s Day bombing of a Coptic church in Alexandria, where 21 people were killed was actually masterminded by the Police Minister, Ali Habib. The people were tired of being targets for this sick regime that enjoyed making it appear that it was a religious issue as another clash between Copts and Muslims. The truth was out; it was the regime that continues to cause and feed the problems between the Muslims and the Christians. The current regime had killed so many innocent people that a few more deaths wouldn’t matter; especially if those deaths could somehow make a drastic change to bring an end to the horror within Egypt. The voice of the people said, â€Å"Let freedom ring!† (Awad & Dixon, 2011) It is the right of every human being to be able to live a productive life by providing for themselves and their families; no one should have to live in fear and suffering just to appease a sick regime. Egypt has done the right thing in taking the chance to make a change in order to bring relief and freedom to its people. As a result, many other countries in the Middle East have begun to speak out against their governments for freedom and human rights too. Egypt will possibly lead the way for democracy to finally reach that part of the world. It all began six years earlier when three Egyptian men; a physician, a chemist, and an engineer, had expatriated to London and begun to meet to discuss civil disobedience under the philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi. They slowly built a network of support on social networking sites that gave them a following in Egypt. A combination of the Tunisian Revolution one month earlier, plus the social media network coverage and discussions, gave the people the courage to do something about their misery. January 25th is celebrated as Police Day in Egypt; a time to show support and appreciation for whatever protection the police have given the people. However, this year, the people

How does Alcohol Affect Crime in the United States Essay

How does Alcohol Affect Crime in the United States - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  there are some crimes mostly related to alcohol consumption. Homicide, rape, burglary, theft, robbery, child abuse, road accidents, Domestic violence, Teens pregnancy, suicides e.t.c are all crimes, arguably having alcohol as a factor in their committal. Since addressing crime alone, by apprehending the criminal is not likely to succeed in reducing the acts of crime, then the root cause and the motivation behind the committal of criminal activities needs to be addressed. Among all crime related activities reported to the police in 2009, 43 % were found to have been committed by individuals who had previously consumed alcohol.This paper stresses that  consumption of alcohol is likely to result to wrong doings that are offensive and punishable by law, for example, drunken driving.   Battery is another sort crime well related with alcohol consumption, where an individual who is under the influence of alcohol engages in physical assault to mem bers of t heir families or their partners. Among all the reported crimes in the US in the year 2009, cases of battery accounted for 36% of all the reported crime. This is an indication that individuals under the influence of alcohol have a higher chance of assaulting their partners or their family members, more than engage in committing any other alcohol related crime.... There are some crimes mostly related to alcohol consumption. Homicide, rape, burglary, theft, robbery, child abuse, road accidents, Domestic violence, Teens pregnancy, suicides e.t.c are all crimes, arguably having alcohol as a factor in their committal (Michael, 171). Since addressing crime alone, by apprehending the criminal is not likely to succeed in reducing the acts of crime, then the root cause and the motivation behind the committal of criminal activities needs to be addressed. Among all crime related activities reported to the police in 2009, 43 % were found to have been committed by individuals who had previously consumed alcohol (Michael, 314). With such backgrounds, then I present my claim that to address crime in America, the US government already pay much attention on regulating alcohol consumption, but it is not effective. This is because, many underage are still being involved in alcohol consumption, alcohol related violence and offences are still on the rise and dome stic violence with alcoholic perpetrators is still rife (Michael, 172). Hence, I will propose that US government should devise legislations and policies that would effectively eliminate minor involvement in alcohol consumption. Furthermore, the government should introduce social programs that address alcohol consumption, through engaging the alcohol consumers to seminars and workshops, which will play a great role in minimizing the number of alcohol consumers. Consumption of alcohol is likely to result to wrong doings that are offensive and punishable by law, for example, drunken driving. Battery is another sort crime well related with alcohol consumption, where an individual who is under the influence of alcohol engages in physical assault to

George Bush Speech Analysis Essay Example for Free

George Bush Speech Analysis Essay George Bush begins the speech with a solemn address and informs the people of America about the tragic events that unfolded. The aim of this speech was to reassure the public that they are now safe and the perpetrators will be brought to justice. The use of inclusive pronouns, such as ‘we’ and ‘our’, is just one of the ways in which he builds a sense of unity and togetherness with the audience. He makes it feel like he is equal to them and shares their pain and will help them through their struggles. In the second paragraph, Bush begins on talking about the severity of the attacks. He speaks about the variety of people that died, ‘the victims were on the airplanes, or in their offices-secretaries, businessmen and women, military and federal workers, moms and dads.’ As well as the victims in the plane, he includes the hard-working office workers and the devoted federal workers who lost their lives trying to save others. He ends the line with ‘moms and dads’ and ‘friends and neighbours’, trying to get empathy from the audience that little children have lost their parents and ordinary people have lost their close friends. Later on, George Bush then gives a sense of hope to the nation. He says that the attacks demonstrate the strength of the country and says America is the ‘brightest beacon for freedom’ and that the attacks ‘cannot touch the foundation of America’. George Bush then tries to take a little credit in the emergency response by using the words ‘I implemented’ so that the people still support him as a president. Bush then reassures the public by saying that he will ‘take every precaution to protect our citizens’. He goes on to show the stability of the financial institution and economy. President Bush then expresses his gratitude to the workers and congressmen who joined him strongly in condemning these acts. He talks about the other world leaders who offered their condolences by thanking them dearly. The tragedy of 9/11 was an awakening for America. George W. Bush effectively used the emotions of a saddened country and was able to win over the hearts of many Americans. The rhetorical devices and inclusive pronouns he included in his speech create a definite feeling of reassurance with the general public.